![]() ![]() Triad: The most common type of chord that you’ll encounter, a triad is the name given to a chord with 3 notes.Chord: 3 or more tones played together at the same time the tones are placed on top of one another like this.Chromatic scale: A scale that is made up entirely of half steps.For now, in case you’re interested, the names of these scales are natural minor, harmonic minor, and melodic minor. There are some variations on minor scales that you’ll learn about later in your studies. Minor scale: A scale (pattern of whole steps and half steps) that contains all of the tones of any minor key played in order of lowest to highest or highest to lowest there are 12 of these.Major scale: A scale (pattern of whole steps and half steps) that contains all of the tones of any major key played in order of lowest to highest or highest to lowest there are 12 of these. ![]() Like the tonic, it’s also related to keys, and you’ll learn more about this as you continue your studies. It is the second most-important tone of the scale. Dominant: Known as scale degree 5, it’s the fifth note of a scale.If you’re in C Major, for example, then C is the tonic. The tonic is the most important tone of the scale. Tonic: Known as scale degree 1, it’s the first tone of a scale and also called a keynote.You will see this often in early piano books the numbers will be printed above each tone of the scale, and each number will have a ^ symbol above it. The eighth tone of the scale is the octave, so it is not generally numbered. Scale degree: The tones of a scale numbered one through seven.For example, if you play a scale from one C to the next highest C, you’ve just played a one-octave scale. Scales are often divided into octaves (one-octave, two-octave, three-octave, four-octave). Octaves are also used as a marker of distance. When you play them both at the same time, you’re playing an octave. These two notes have the same name and sound similar, the only difference is that one sounds higher than the other. Octave: Commonly used in scales, it’s the tone which is eight full tones (whole steps) higher than the note on which you began.Half steps and whole steps are used a lot in scales, so that’s why they’re included in this guide. There are a few exceptions to this, which you’ll learn about later. One the piano, it’s usually the distance between one white key to the next white key (for example, C-D) or from one black key to the next black key (C#-D#, for example). A whole step or whole tone is twice as big as a half step (semitone). A half-step is the smallest distance between two tones, and on the piano, it is the distance between one piano key to the very next key. Half step (semitone)/Whole step (whole tone): The distance between one tone and the one after it.For example, a C-major scale looks like this Scale: A series of different tones played one after the other and arranged from lowest to highest or highest to lowest.Those written in the major mode are often heard as being happy, light, and positive while those in the minor mode are typically sad, dark, and serious. Major/Minor: These are the two “modes” which define particular groupings of tones, keys, and scales (see below). ![]() ![]()
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